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k|]z
lj1KtL
k|]z jStJo
ldlt @)^).!!.!@ df a;]sf] cfsl:ds j}7sn] lgDg adf]lhd lg0f{o u/]sf]
5 .
!=
;ldlt u7g ug]{ af/] M
ljut s]xL
;do otf /fHokIfaf6 Joj;fodf lqmoflzn ( hgf sfg"g Joj;foLx?nfO{
ckx/0fsf] z}lndf lu/km\tf/ u/L j]kQf kf/]sf] tyf ljb|f]xL kIfaf6
;d]t xfn;Dd % hgf sfg"g Joj;foLsf] xTof u/]sf] / /fHo ljb|f]xL
b'j} kIfaf6 dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3g / Hofblt u/]sf] ;Gbe{df lgDg
sfg"g Joj;foL ;+nUg Ps æsfg"gL zf;g / dfgj clwsf/ k|lt/Iff
ljz]if ;ldltÆ u7g ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .
!= zDe' yfkf
cWoIf
@= s[i0f k|;fb
e08f/L ;b:o
#= ;j{1/Tg
t'nfw/ ,,
$= jf;'b]j
9'+ufgf ,,
%= d's'Gb /]UdL
,,
^= l;Gw'gfy
Kofs'/]n ,,
&= df]xg s[i0f
v/]n ,,
*= bdggfy
9'+ufgf ,,
(= /fw]Zofd
clwsf/L ,,
!)= xl/x/ bfxfn
,,
!!= ljZjsfGt
d}gfnL ,,
!@= ;'jf; g]DjfË
,,
!#= sf]dn k|sfz
l3ld/] ,,
!$= /fdhL
lji6 ,,
!%= ;ltz s[i0f
v/]n ,,
!^= r08]Zj/
>]i7 ,,
!&= dfwj
jf:sf]6f ;b:o ;lrj
@=
1fkgkq lbg] af/] M
sfg"g
Joj;foLx?nfO{ ul/Psf] lu/km\tf/L / xTofsf] ;DaGwdf ;DdfggLo
k|wfg dGqLHo" ;+u ;Dej eP;Dd sfo{ ;ldlt / k|lt/Iff ljz]if ;ldlt
;d]tn] e]6 u/L cjut u/fpg tTsfn} Ps 1fkgkq lbg] lg0f{o ul/of] .
#=
aGbL sfg"g Joj;foLsf] xs lxtsf] nflu ;ldlt u7g ug]{ M
lu/km\tf/
sfg"g Joj;foLnfO{ sfg"gL ;xfotf pknJw u/fpg pkfWoIf z]/ axfb'/
s]=;L= ;b:ox? s]bf/ sfsL{, 6Lsf/fd e6[/fO{, lnnfd0fL kf}8\ofn /
;l/tf zdf{ /x]sf] Ps æaGbL sfg"g Joj;foL sfg"gL ;xfotf ;ldltÆ
u7g ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .
$=
sfo{qmd lgwf{/0f ug]{ af/] M
aGbL sfg"g
Joj;foLsf] l/xfO{ tyf dfgj clwsf/ / sfg"gL zf;gsf] pNn+3g /
Hofbltsf] lj?4df lgs6 eljiodf b]z JofkL ;zQm lj/f]w sfo{qmd ;+rfng
ug{ cfjZos tof/L ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .
pQm sfo{qmd
lgwf{/0f ubf{ pkTosfsf af/x?sf cWoIf, pkfWoIf / ;lrj ;d]tnfO{
cfdGq0f u/L sfo{qmd lgwf{/0f ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .
k|]z
jStJo
g]kfn af/ Pzf]l;Pzgsf] gj lgjf{lrt sfo{;ldltsf] cfh ldlt
@)^).!!.! df cWoIf zDe' yfkfsf] cWoIftfdf a;]sf] k|yd k"0f{
a}7sn] lgDg adf]lhdsf] lg0f{o ul/of] .
!= wGojfb
1fkg M– lgjf{rg k|lqmofdf ;xefuL cfd sfg"g Joj;foL dtbftf,
lgjf{rg ;ldlt / tTsflng s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldlt, g]=jf=P=sf sd{rf/Lx?
Pj+ lgjf{rg ;DalGw ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f / k|sfzg ug]{ ;+rf/ dfWod
nufot k|ToIf ck|ToIf ?kn] ;xof]u ug]{ ;DalGwt ;j}nfO{ xflb{s
wGojfb 1fkg ub}{ pNn]lvt ;a} JolQm tyf lgsfox?;+u of] ;ldlt lg/Gt/
;xof]usf] ck]Iff ub{5 . ;fy} lgjf{rgsf] ;dodf ul/Psf jrgj4tfnfO{
k'/f ug{ of] sfo{;ldlt x/ k|ltj4 /xg]5 .
@= ;+j}wflgs
;jf]{Rrtfsf] ;DaGwdf M– g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$& n]
k|Tofe"t u/]sf] ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] k|of]u / k|rngdf b]lvPsf] xfnsf]
ult/f]wsf] cGTosf nflu ;a} lhDd]jf/ kIfx?sf] jLrdf tTsfn ;fy{s ;Djfbsf]
yfngL ul/g' kb{5 . ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq / ;+;bLo zf;g k|0ffnLnfO{
lqmoflzn agfp+b} ;+j}wflgs ;jf]{Rrtf sfod x'gsf] nflu /fhg}lts
bnx?sf] ;xeflutf / ;xdlt tyf ;fj{ef}d hgtfsf] cledt cg'?ksf] ;+j}wflgs
Pj+ /fhgLlts lgsf;sf] vf]hL ul/g' kb{5 / of] k|of]hgsf] nflu g]=af=P=
;b}a k|ltj4 / lqmoflzn /xg] 5 .
#= åGb ;dfwfgsf]
;DaGwdf M– ljut cf7 jif{ b]lv hf/L dfcf]jfbL åGb ;dfwfg
ug{sf] nflu ;j{k|yd ;+j}wflgs zlQmx? jLrsf] åGb ;+j}wflgs efjgf
cg'?k ;dfwfg ul/g' kb{5 . tTkZrft ljBdfg ;+ljwfgnfO{ Go"gtd ;xdltsf]
b:tfj]hsf] ?kdf ;j} kIfn] :jLsf/ u/L jftf{ / ;+jfb, 5nkmn /
dWo:ttfaf6} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg vf]Hg] k|ltj4tf åGb/t kIfn] ;fj{hlgs
ug'{ kb{5 . zflGt k|lqmofsf] yfngL ug{sf] nflu ;a} åGb/t kIfnfO{
/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] tof/ u/]sf] dfgj clwsf/ ;Demf}tfdf
x:tfIf/ u/L tTsfn o'4 lj/fd ug{ g]=af=P= xflb{s cfJxfg ub{5 .
$=
dfgj clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf M
-s_ /fHo tyf
ljb|f]xL kIfåf/f ul/Psf xTof, cft+s, ckx/0f u}/sfg"gL y'gf, hj/h:tL
rGbf c;'nL, ljsf;sf ;+/rgfx?sf] Wj+; Pj+ lj:kmf]6gsf 36gfx? k|lt
g]=af=P= v]b JoQm ub{5 ;fy} To; k|sf/sf cdfgjLo qm'/ Pj+ u}/
sfg"gL sfo{ tTsfn aGb ug{ ;DalGwt kIfsf] Wofgfsif{0f ub{5.
-v_ /fhgLlts bn
tyf ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfx?åf/f cfof]lht zflGtk"0f{ ;efx?df x'g]
cdfgjLo bdg Pjd u}/ sfg"gL lu/km\tf/Ln] /fHo kIf ePsf dfgj clwsf/
;DalGw cGt/f{li6«o cg'aGwx?sf] pNn+3g x'g'sf] ;fy} cGt/f{li6«o
hutdf g]kfnsf] dfgj clwsf/ k|ltsf] k|ltj4tfdf z+sf JoQm x'g
yfn]sf]n] ;+ljwfg, sfg"g tyf cGt/f{li6«o cg'aGwx?nfO{ ;/sf/n] x/
xfntdf kfngf ug'{ kb{5 elg g]=af=P= >L % sf] ;/sf/sf]
Wofgfsif{0f ub{5 . ;fy} ;+ljwfgn] k|Tofe"t u/]sf] k|]z :jtGqtf
;+/If0fsf] nflu g]=af=P=sl6j4 /xg]5 .
-u_ b]zsf
ljleGg efudf lu/km\tf/ k/]sf sfg"g Joj;foLx? s[i0f l;njfn,
jf;'b]j l;Ub]n, uf]kLaxfb'/ e08f/L, nId0fk|;fb cof{n / lhtdfg
j:g]t nufotsf ;Dk"0f{ sfg"g Joj;foLx?sf] l:ylt tTsfn ;fj{hlgs ul/
pxf+x?nfO{ lz3| l/xf ug{ g]=af=P= hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5 .
%=
Gofokflnsfsf] ;DaGwdf M– Gofokflnsfsf] ul/df, dof{bf /
k|efjsfl/tfdf cf+r cfpgfn] Gofokflnsf k|ltsf] hgcf:yfdf ulDe/
wSsf k'Ug] s'/fdf g]=af=P= ;b}j ;r]t /x+b} cfPsf] 5 . Gofo
k|zf;gdf ;+nUg Gofoflwz, sd{rf/L Pj+ kIfsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{
sfg"g Joj;foLx?sf] pRr:t/sf] g}ltstf tyf :jR5 Pj+ kf/blz{ Gofo
k|zf;g / l56f] 5l/tf] Gofoaf6 dfq Gofokflnsf k|ltsf] hgcf:yfsf]
clej[l4 x'g] x'gfn] Goflos :jR5tf / k|efjsfl/tfsf nflu Gofokl/ifb
/ sfg"g Joj;foL kl/ifbsf] hjfkmb]lxtf, pQ/bfloTj / k|efjsfl/tf
j[l4 ul/ GofokflnsfnfO{ ul/df / dof{bfo'Qm agfpg g]=af=P= lg/Gt/
lqmoflzn /xg] 5 . ;fy} jf/ / j]Grsf] ;'dw'/ Pj+ ;fy{s ;+jfb / ;xdlt
af6} Gofo k|zf;gnfO{ kf/blz{ / hjfkmb]xL Pj+ :jR5 agfpg ;lsG5
eGg] ljifodf g]=af=P= ljZj:t /lx cfPsf] 5 .
^= Joj;flos
xslxtsf] ;DaGwdf M– ;+j}wflgs ult/f]w, /fhlglts cl:y/tf Pj+
ljBdfg åGb / czflGtsf] sf/0fn] sfg"g Joj;fodf kf/]sf] k|lts"n
c;/nfO{ Go"lgs/0f ug{sf] nflu sfg"g Joj;fosf] If]q lj:tf/ / gof+
;Defjgfx?sf] vf]lh ub}{ sfg"g Joj;foLx?sf] xslxt tyf Joj;flos
;'/Iff Pj+ dof{bf clej[l4sf nflu g]=af=P= lg/Gt/ k|ltj4 /xg]5 .
-dfwj
jf:sf]6f_
;lrj
g]kfn af/ Pzf]l;Pzg
k|]z jStJo
ldlt @)^).!!.# ut] dfcf]jfbL lkl8t ;+3sf cWoIf u0f]z lrnjfnsf]
lbg bxf8} ePsf] qm'/ / cdfgljo xTof k|lt g]=af=P=sf] uDeL/
Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] 5 . j}rfl/s cf:yfsf] cfwf/df km/s dt /fVb}
cfGbf]ng/t bnaf6} cfˆgf] lj?4df zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ngdf ;+nUg
lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/LnfO{ ul/Psf] o; k|sf/sf] xTofaf6 km/s dt /fVg
kfpg] gful/ssf] df}lns xssf] uDeL/ xgg ePsf]n] pQm xTof k|lt g]=af=P=
v]b JoQm ub{5 . ;fy} zflGtk""0f{ lj/f]w sfo{qmddf ;+nUg gful/s
dfly x'g] To; k|sf/sf] xTofsf] >[+vnf tTsfn /f]sL afRg kfpg]
gful/s xssf] ;Ddfg ug{ g]=af=P= ;DaGwLt kIfsf] Wofgfsif{0f ub{5
.
-dfwj
jf:sf]6f_
;lrj
g]kfn af/ Pzf]l;Pzg
;DdfggLo k|wfg dGqLnfO{ r9fPsf]
1fkgkq
!=
g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg )$& sf] k|:tfjdf pNn]lvt dfgj clwsf/ g}
zf;g k4ltsf] cfwf/:tDe /x]sf]df ljdtL 5}g ctM ;+ljwfgdf df}lns
xssf] Joj:yf u/L g]kfnLx?nfO{ dfg clwsf/ cIf'0f /fVg /fHo ;b}j
s6Lj4 /xg] s'/fdf g]=af=P= ljZj:t /x]sf] / g]kfnn] cGt/f{li6«o
dfgj clwsf/ sf ICCPR,
ICESCR, The option protocal to ICCPR–1966, The Second optional
protocal 1989
;d]tsf ;b}j dfgj clwsf/sf ;lGwdf x:tfIf/ u/L k|ltj4tf hgfO{ dfgj
clwsf/ kfngf ug{ / To;sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ g]kfn sl6j4 5 t/ ljut
s]lx jif{ otf g]kfnsf] dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yf lrGtfhgs /x]sf]df ;+o'Qm
;+3Lo dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u, Pdg]i6L OG6/g]Zgn nufotsf cGt/f{li6«o
;+:yfaf6 lrGtf JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfndf dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3gsf
36gf lbg k|ltlbg a9b} uPsf]df g]=af=P= lrGtf JoQm ub}{ >L % sf]
;/sf/ dfgj clwsf/sf] kfngf / ;Dj4{g ug{ sl6j4 /xg' kb{5 egL
hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5 .
%= xfn
d"n'sdf lbgx' ;j} ;fwf/0f gful/ssf] xTof bdg / lzIfsx?, ljBfyL{x?,
dlxnfx?, gful/sx?sf] ckx/0f, jfnjflnsfnfO{ ;}Go etL{df tflnd lbg]
sfo{, :s"nsf jfnLsfnfo{ lzIffjf6 j+rLt u/fpg] h:tf sfo{n]
l;uf]d'n's c:t Jo:t e} HofbtLx? e}/x]sf] x'bf dfgj clwsf/
Jofks?kdf pNn=3g x'g uPsf] 5 ctM cem g]kfnL gfu/Lssf] lhjg :jtGqtf
/ ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"l tug{ g]=jf+P= hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5 .
^=
xfd|f pk/f]Qm dfux? pk/ oyf]lrt ;'g'jfO{ eO{ ;d:of ;dfwfg gePsf]
eJo?kdf dfg clwsf/sf] jxfnL, ;+j}wflgs ;jf{]Rrtfsf] kl/rfngf /
sfg"g Joj;flox?sf] l/xfO{ tyf ;'/Iffsf] nfuL g]=jf+P+ yk bjfj
d'ns sfo{qmd ug{ jfWo x'g] Joxf]/f :d/0f u/fpg rfxG5f}+ .
)%%.!!.!$
-dfwj
jf:sf]6f_
;lrj
g]kfn
af/ Pzf]l;Pzg
/fdzfxky
sf7df8f}+ g]kfn
|
